Symptoms

These include sudden, severe, stabbing facial pain, often triggered by routine activities like eating or talking, typically lasting for seconds to minutes and localized to specific areas of the face, such as the cheek, jaw, or around the eye.

Most Common Types

These are typical trigeminal neuralgia (also known as classical or idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia) and atypical trigeminal neuralgia (also called type 2 or symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia). Typical trigeminal neuralgia is characterised by sudden, severe, and intermittent facial pain without an identifiable cause, whereas atypical trigeminal neuralgia involves constant or persistent facial pain along with additional neurological symptoms such as sensory disturbances or continuous aching discomfort.

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Diagnosis

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Treatments

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Treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive treatment option for trigeminal neuralgia that delivers highly focused radiation to the trigeminal nerve root, aiming to disrupt the abnormal nerve signals responsible for pain. During the procedure, the patient's head is secured in a specialized frame to ensure precise targeting. Using advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, the radiation oncologist identifies the location of the trigeminal nerve and creates a customized treatment plan. High doses of radiation are then delivered to the target area with extreme accuracy, sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Over time, the radiation damages the trigeminal nerve, reducing or eliminating pain signals. This is typically performed as an outpatient procedure and may take several weeks to months for the full effect to be realised. It offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgical options and can provide long-term relief for many patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

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